ijspace.org

Home Contact us

Knots in j-space

28th November 2014





 

    The role of topology in explaining the structure formation in the high-energy physics is becoming more and more prominent.  It is required that we first establish a fundamental topological structure before developing the description in (t, x, y, z) physical space.  The combination of time axis with Euclidean space to describe an event, is equivalent to developing an associated metric for the topological structure. The space-time metric has to obey the measurement-space topology and therefore if we know the topological properties, we can explain some of the most basic issues such as the definitions of continuity and connectedness.  The description in terms of energy and momentum can follow afterwards.

    The knot theory is one of the instruments which allows us to visualize the possible topological states a system may take, over a period of time.  What started as a suggestion by Lord Kelvin and consequently an extensive work done by Tait on characterizing the various types of knots, has evolved into a very powerful mathematical field which has the potential to unlock the fundamental principles guiding the formation of the elementary structures.


    Mathematically the knot structures are algebraically represented by knot-invariants, which are polynomials which remain unchanged for the equivalent knots.  The earliest example of such polynomials is Alexander polynomial.  The other well-known examples are Alexander-Conway polynomial, Jones polynomial, and HOMFLY polynomial.  We must remember that these knot polynomials represent a description in three-dimensional space.  Conventionally we develop a mathematical structure for a physical knot based on certain mathematical rules, determine the knot invariants and correlate them to the probability amplitudes.  A desirable quality of these knot-invariants is to make distinction between the knot-based on properties such as chirality, as shown by Jones polynomial.  Clearly more are the properties distinguished by a knot-invariant, more robust is the polynomial.

    We can take a slightly different approach. Rather than assuming the existence of a knot, we form a knot made of
step-by-step measurements in a space characterized by entropy.  The time scale is extremely small of the order of Planck time.   Also since the entropy is in picture, the order in which the moves are being made while forming the knot becomes important.  The measurements are made by the macroscopic observer ObsM.  The knot polynomial is written in 2+1 dimensional measurement space instead of conventional R3 space.  

    For a given structure, an observer of very high capacity, Obsc for example, will measure it as a shallow-well problem or a zero-entropy problem and hence an Unknot is formed.  For the same structure and for an observer of infinitesimal capacity or ObsM, the measurement is equivalent to an infinite well or Q-box problem.  As a result the entropy is very high for ObsM, and a knot is formed.  Therefore the nature of the knot is independent of the nature of the event and depends upon the observer's capacity.  It is equivalent to saying that the poor man's black-hole is a rich man's pothole.  The basic idea is shown below:

        In the sections describing the formation of knots, we will discuss the formation of Trefoil knot in j-space.  Later we will add sections on Figure-8 knot and Unknot.  We will also consider the formation of composite knots as a result of the measurements made by a macroscopic observer ObsM, and how they lead to higher order polynomials?

    String Theory vs. Knot theory?  It is reasonable to expect that the laws of nature will be metric independent, therefore perhaps we should sort out things in topological space first.

 
KM


 
Creative Commons License
Information on www.ijspace.org is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
 
 















Previous Blogs:



Supercolliders

Force


Riemann Hypothesis

Andromeda Nebula

Infinite Fulcrum

Cauchy and Gaussian Distributions

Discrete Space, b-field and lower mass bound

Incompleteness II

The supersymmetry

The cat in box

The initial state and symmetries

Incompleteness I

Discrete measurement space

The frog in well
 
Visual Complex Analysis

The Einstein Theory of Relativity